| Laparoscope |
Provides a magnified visual field inside the abdominal or pelvic cavity. |
Transmits an image through a rigid optical system or a camera head to a monitor. |
Usually 5 mm or 10 mm; 2.7 mm and 3 mm scopes are also available for selected procedures. |
0° for a straight view; 30° or 45° for angled visualization. |
Diagnostic laparoscopy, cholecystectomy, gynecologic surgery, colorectal surgery, and bariatric procedures. |
Medical-grade stainless steel, optical glass, and sealed polymer components. |
Optical imaging with a compatible camera and light source. |
Image resolution, field of view, viewing angle, light transmission, autoclavability, and compatibility with the imaging system. |
| Camera Head |
Captures and processes the laparoscopic image. |
Converts the optical image into a digital video signal for display and recording. |
Designed for 5 mm and 10 mm laparoscopes, depending on the coupling system. |
Fixed or detachable lens coupling. |
All video-assisted laparoscopic procedures. |
Sealed medical-grade housing with electronic imaging components. |
Digital video imaging; some systems support high-definition or 4K output. |
Resolution, image latency, sterilization method, connector type, operating-room integration, and service support. |
| Atraumatic Grasper |
Holds, retracts, and manipulates tissue with limited crushing force. |
Applies controlled mechanical grasping through a hand-operated jaw mechanism. |
Commonly 5 mm; 3 mm and 10 mm versions are also used. |
Fenestrated, rounded, or non-serrated atraumatic jaws. |
Gallbladder, bowel, uterus, omentum, and other soft-tissue manipulation. |
Reusable versions commonly use stainless steel; insulated handles may include polymer components. |
Manual mechanical actuation. |
Jaw smoothness, closing alignment, grip strength, shaft rotation, insulation quality, and tissue-trauma profile. |
| Maryland Dissector |
Dissects tissue and performs fine blunt or sharp spreading. |
Uses narrow, curved jaws for controlled dissection and limited grasping. |
Most commonly 5 mm. |
Curved, tapered, partially serrated jaws. |
Calot's triangle dissection, vessel exposure, adhesiolysis, and soft-tissue preparation. |
Stainless steel with insulated shaft options for electrosurgical use. |
Manual; some versions combine mechanical dissection with monopolar energy. |
Tip precision, jaw alignment, insulation integrity, rotation control, and compatibility with the selected energy platform. |
| Laparoscopic Scissors |
Cuts tissue, sutures, membranes, and selected small structures. |
Provides controlled shearing through opposing blades. |
Usually 5 mm; 3 mm and 10 mm options are available for specific uses. |
Curved or straight blades; blunt or sharp tips. |
Adhesiolysis, peritoneal incision, suture cutting, and tissue trimming. |
Stainless steel; insulated versions are used when electrosurgery is incorporated. |
Manual mechanical cutting; some models add monopolar energy. |
Blade sharpness, jaw opening, tip visibility, rotational control, insulation, and ability to withstand repeated reprocessing. |
| Needle Holder |
Controls a surgical needle during intracorporeal suturing. |
Secures the needle and enables precise rotation, penetration, and knot tying. |
Commonly 5 mm; 3 mm and 10 mm formats are also used. |
Straight or curved jaws with textured needle-gripping surfaces. |
Hernia repair, gynecologic suturing, bowel anastomosis, and vascular or tissue closure. |
Hardened stainless steel or carbide-reinforced jaw surfaces. |
Manual mechanical actuation. |
Needle grip, jaw durability, handle ergonomics, wrist articulation, shaft rotation, and suitability for the intended suture size. |
| Trocar and Cannula |
Creates and maintains an access channel through the abdominal wall. |
Allows passage of laparoscopes, instruments, insufflation gas, and specimen-removal devices. |
Common cannula sizes include 3 mm, 5 mm, 10 mm, and 12 mm. |
Bladed, blunt, or optical entry tip; valved cannula. |
Initial abdominal access and placement of working ports. |
Stainless steel, medical-grade polymers, and transparent polymer cannulas. |
Mechanical access; valves may include silicone or polymer sealing systems. |
Entry profile, seal performance, leakage control, fixation, cannula length, obturator design, and single-use or reusable configuration. |
| Insufflation Needle |
Introduces carbon dioxide into the peritoneal cavity before port placement. |
Creates pneumoperitoneum through a spring-loaded blunt safety tip. |
Commonly Veress needle lengths are approximately 12 cm or 15 cm, with diameter varying by design. |
Blunt spring-loaded inner stylet with a sharp outer needle. |
Closed-entry creation of pneumoperitoneum. |
Stainless steel with polymer or silicone valve components. |
Mechanical access combined with gas insufflation. |
Safety-tip movement, gas-flow patency, length options, valve reliability, visibility of indicators, and applicable regulatory documentation. |
| Suction and Irrigation Cannula |
Removes blood or fluid and delivers irrigation solution. |
Uses separate or combined channels for aspiration and fluid delivery. |
Commonly 5 mm; 10 mm versions are used when higher flow is required. |
Open, fenestrated, or atraumatic rounded tip. |
Field cleaning, bleeding control support, lavage, and fluid removal. |
Stainless steel, medical-grade polymers, and flexible tubing. |
Manual valve control connected to suction and irrigation sources. |
Flow rate, clog resistance, tip visibility, valve response, tubing compatibility, and ease of flushing and cleaning. |
| Monopolar Hook or Spatula |
Performs cutting and coagulation during laparoscopic dissection. |
Transfers high-frequency electrical energy through an active electrode. |
Commonly 5 mm. |
J-hook, L-hook, or flat spatula electrode. |
Adhesiolysis, tissue incision, and focused coagulation. |
Conductive metal electrode with an insulated shaft and polymer handle. |
Monopolar electrosurgery; requires a dispersive return electrode. |
Insulation quality, electrode geometry, connector compatibility, activation control, smoke evacuation, and thermal-spread management. |
| Bipolar Forceps |
Coagulates tissue while limiting the electrical path between the jaws. |
Delivers bipolar energy through two insulated, opposing electrodes. |
Commonly 5 mm; larger versions may be used for advanced sealing applications. |
Straight, curved, or fenestrated bipolar jaws. |
Hemostasis, vessel coagulation, and controlled tissue dissection. |
Stainless steel or other conductive alloys with insulated shaft components. |
Bipolar electrosurgery; some systems use advanced feedback-controlled sealing. |
Energy-system compatibility, jaw pressure, seal reliability, insulation, thermal spread, activation feedback, and cleaning access. |
| Specimen Retrieval Bag |
Contains and removes tissue specimens while reducing contact with the incision. |
Deploys a flexible bag through a cannula and closes around the specimen. |
Commonly introduced through 5 mm, 10 mm, or 12 mm ports, depending on bag capacity. |
Flexible pouch with drawstring, wire frame, or self-opening rim. |
Removal of gallbladder, appendix, adnexal tissue, lymph nodes, and selected masses. |
Medical-grade polymer film or mesh. |
Mechanical deployment and closure. |
Bag volume, tear resistance, deployment control, retrieval opening, specimen containment, and port compatibility. |
| Clip Applier |
Applies clips to occlude vessels or ducts. |
Positions and closes a surgical clip around the target structure. |
Commonly 5 mm or 10 mm, depending on clip size and application. |
Curved or angled jaws designed for specific clip profiles. |
Vessel and duct control, including selected biliary, vascular, and gynecologic procedures. |
Stainless steel or polymer instrument components; clip material varies by system. |
Manual mechanical clip deployment. |
Clip size range, jaw alignment, tactile feedback, reload configuration, secure closure, and compatibility with the selected clip system. |
| Laparoscopic Retractor |
Moves organs or tissue away from the operative field. |
Maintains exposure through a rigid, articulating, or fan-shaped retraction surface. |
Commonly 5 mm or 10 mm; larger access may be required for broad retractors. |
Fan, paddle, blunt hook, or atraumatic fenestrated blade. |
Liver retraction, gastric surgery, pelvic exposure, and abdominal wall procedures. |
Stainless steel with polymer or silicone contact surfaces in some designs. |
Manual mechanical actuation; some systems include articulating joints. |
Retraction force, tissue protection, articulation, locking stability, shaft length, and visibility around the tip. |